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For the purpose of addressing, domains are a way of uniquely specifying a destination. Much like a postal address, a domain specifies a set of progressively more restrictive "domains" of the potential address space.
Domain requirements are considered in RFC 920, RFC-920. The Domain Name System is talked about in RFCs 1034-35, RFC-1034, RFC-1035, and issues related to mail routing and the domain system are considered in RFC 974, RFC-974.
As an example consider the following destination specification:
This is an example of an e-mail address. It is a method of specifying a given person on a specific domain.mohsen@rostam.neda.com
The top level domain (com in the above example) has many possible values. In the United States, "com", "mil", "edu", and "gov" are fairly standard. Elsewhere, the top level domain tends to be a country code, the second level tends to be a province or state, OR a classification like "edu" or "ac" for academic (such as ac.jp, go.jp, ac.uk, edu.au, etc.) and the third an organization.